Starting 1 January 2025, large packaging producers in the UK will be required to assess and report the recyclability of household packaging materials under the new Recycling Assessment Methodology (RAM).
This initiative is part of the government’s Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) scheme, aimed at improving recycling outcomes and reducing waste.
The Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) clarified that the RAM categorises packaging materials as red, amber, or green based on their recyclability.
A DEFRA spokesperson said, “These categories reflect the ease with which materials can be processed using the UK’s recycling infrastructure.” For example, green materials are widely recyclable, while red materials are considered problematic due to their complex composition or lack of processing infrastructure.
The recyclability rating will directly impact the fees producers pay for waste management—a process referred to as “fee modulation.” Full details of how fees will be calculated are expected to be published in 2025.
Materials to be assessed
Producers must evaluate household packaging made from one of eight specified material categories:
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- Paper and board
- Fibre-based composites
- Plastics (rigid and flexible)
- Steel
- Aluminium
- Glass
- Wood
- Other
Each packaging component must be classified under the material category that constitutes most of its weight. Specific rules apply to multi-material items, such as drinks containers, where components like lids or screw tops may need separate assessment.
Certain types of packaging are automatically classified as red due to inherent recycling challenges.
Examples include packaging with integrated electrical components, substances of very high concern (SVHCs), or perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). DEFRA notes, “Problematic materials like these are a priority for reduction or redesign.”
Reporting requirements and future updates
From 2025, large producers must submit recyclability data through the Report Packaging Data service. This includes results for all household packaging placed on the UK market.
To ensure accuracy, producers are advised to consult manufacturers or third-party compliance providers if they lack sufficient technical details about their packaging.
The RAM will undergo an annual review, overseen by a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC). DEFRA highlighted, “These updates will reflect innovation, market trends, and regulatory developments.”
Producers are encouraged to begin preparations now to ensure compliance with these upcoming obligations. This marks a significant step towards achieving the UK’s recycling and sustainability goals.
